Mexico Population 2026: Key Facts & Findings
- Mexico’s population was 130,911,314 on 15 October 2025, according to the Encuesta Intercensal 2025 published by the national statistics institute INEGI on 22 September 2026
- That is about 4.9 million more people than the 126.0 million counted in the 2020 Census, and it keeps Mexico as the 11th most populous country in the world
- Growth has slowed to 0.7 percent a year between 2020 and 2025, down from 1.0 percent between 2015 and 2020
- The median age rose from 29 years in 2020 to 32 years in 2025, and women make up 51.9 percent of the population
- The average number of children born alive per woman fell from 2.1 in 2020 to 1.9 in 2025, and the average household shrank from 3.6 to 3.3 people
- Registered births in 2024 were 1,672,227, the second-lowest figure since 1994 and 42 percent below the level of 30 years earlier
- The State of Mexico is the most populous state at 17.6 million, followed by Mexico City at 9.2 million and Jalisco at 8.6 million; together the three hold 27 percent of the national total
- Three states lost population between 2020 and 2025, led by Veracruz, which lost more than 160,000 residents
- About 24.2 million people, or 18.6 percent, identify as indigenous, and 7.4 million people aged 3 and over speak an indigenous language, or 5.9 percent
- Remittances reached US$61.8 billion in 2025, down 4.6 percent from the 2024 record of US$64.7 billion
- Life expectancy at birth has recovered to about 75.5 years after the pandemic dip
Mexico Population 2026: Size, States, Births, Migration, and Future Projections
Introduction to the Mexico Population
What the Mexico Population Count Includes
INEGI measures Mexico’s population through a ten-year cycle. A full Census of Population and Housing takes place in years ending in 0, the most recent in 2020. Halfway through each decade INEGI runs a large survey, now called the Encuesta Intercensal, to update the picture. The 2025 edition surveyed more than 7.3 million homes between 6 October and 14 November 2025, with more than 44,000 interviewers visiting all 2,458 municipalities and alcaldías.
This distinction matters for how to read the number. The Encuesta Intercensal 2025 is a very large sample survey rather than a full count, and it estimated 130,911,314 people in total. Of that, 130,393,389 lived in private homes and 517,925 were an additional estimate for people in collective housing, members of the foreign service, and people without a home. Some state figures reported in the press use the private-home number only, so they may differ slightly from totals that include collective housing. The next full census is scheduled for 2030.
Current Mexico Population
On 15 October 2025 Mexico had 130.9 million people. This is a new official benchmark that supersedes earlier projections, and INEGI says it will be used to update the national and state projections prepared by the National Population Council, CONAPO. Growth of about 4.9 million in five years is large in absolute terms, but it is the slowest rate in the modern record, and the structural trends behind it, falling fertility and a rising median age, point to a country whose population growth is fading.
Mexico is the second-largest country in Latin America after Brazil and the 11th largest in the world. It has roughly three times the population of Canada and about 38 percent of the population of the United States, with which it shares a 3,100-kilometer border and one of the world’s largest labor and migration relationships.
Why Mexico Population Data Matters
Population counts drive the allocation of federal transfers to the states, the number of seats in the Chamber of Deputies, and planning for schools, clinics, housing, and water. For a country that spent decades in what demographers call a demographic bonus, with a large share of working-age people and few dependents, the transition to an older society has direct implications for pensions, health financing, and labor markets.
Mexico Population at a Glance
| Metric | Figure |
|---|---|
| Total population (15 October 2025) | 130,911,314 |
| Population in private homes | 130,393,389 |
| Change since the 2020 Census | About +4.9 million |
| Average annual growth, 2020 to 2025 | 0.7% |
| Average annual growth, 2015 to 2020 | 1.0% |
| Median age (2025) | 32 years |
| Median age (2020) | 29 years |
| Women | 51.9% |
| Men | 48.1% |
| Registered births (2024) | 1,672,227 |
| Registered deaths (2024) | 819,672 |
| Children born alive per woman (2025) | 1.9 |
| Life expectancy at birth (2024, CONAPO) | About 75.5 years |
| Private homes (2025) | 39.7 million |
| Average people per home (2025) | 3.3 |
| Self-identified indigenous population (2025) | 24.2 million (18.6%) |
| Indigenous language speakers, ages 3 and over (2025) | 7,421,285 (5.9%) |
| Remittances (2025) | US$61.8 billion |
| Population density | About 67 people per km2 |
| Largest state | State of Mexico (17.6 million) |
Mexico Population by Historical Period
From the Revolution to the Population Explosion
At the start of the 20th century Mexico had about 13.6 million people. The Revolution of 1910 to 1920 and the epidemics that followed cost well over a million lives and drove the population down to about 14.3 million at the 1921 Census. Recovery was rapid after that, and by 1950 the country had about 25.8 million people.
From the 1940s to the 1970s Mexico experienced one of the fastest population explosions in the world. Mortality fell sharply as public health improved, while fertility remained high, at more than six children per woman in the early 1970s according to CONAPO estimates. The population nearly doubled between 1950 and 1970, to about 48.2 million.
Family Planning and the Fertility Transition
In 1974 a new General Population Law launched a national family-planning policy, and fertility began a long, steady decline. The population kept growing because large cohorts of young people were entering childbearing age, a pattern demographers call population momentum. Mexico approached 100 million in 2000, reached 112.3 million in 2010, and counted 126.0 million at the 2020 Census.
The Slowdown of the 2020s
The 2025 survey confirms that the slowdown is well advanced. Growth of 0.7 percent a year between 2020 and 2025 compares with about 1.0 percent in the previous five years and more than 3 percent a year at the peak of the explosion in the 1960s. The median age, 32 years, is now a full three years higher than in 2020.
Mexico Population Growth by Census Year
| Year | Population (approximate) | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| 1900 | 13.6 million | Pre-Revolution |
| 1921 | 14.3 million | After the Revolution |
| 1950 | 25.8 million | Population explosion begins |
| 1970 | 48.2 million | Fertility above six births per woman |
| 1990 | 81.2 million | Fertility falling |
| 2000 | 97.5 million | Near 100 million |
| 2010 | 112.3 million | Census |
| 2020 | 126.0 million | Census |
| 2025 | 130.9 million | Encuesta Intercensal |
Historical census counts are rounded and drawn from INEGI publications. The 2025 figure is a survey estimate rather than a full census count.
Mexico Population by State
The Most Populous States
| State | Population, 2025 (private homes) | Share of national total |
|---|---|---|
| State of Mexico | 17,561,797 | 13.5% |
| Mexico City | 9,165,819 | 7.0% |
| Jalisco | 8,633,761 | 6.6% |
| Veracruz | 7,902,505 | 6.1% |
| Puebla | 6,835,339 | 5.2% |
| Guanajuato | 6,423,384 | 4.9% |
| Nuevo León | 6,274,840 | 4.8% |
| Chiapas | 5,840,294 | 4.5% |
| Michoacán | 4,868,274 | 3.7% |
| Mexico (private homes) | 130,393,389 | 100% |
Figures are INEGI Encuesta Intercensal 2025 counts for people in private homes. Including collective housing, the State of Mexico total is 17,612,480. Shares are calculated against the national private-home total. The same ten states were the largest in 2020 and 2025; the tenth is not shown here.
The Capital Region and Its Surroundings
The State of Mexico and Mexico City together hold about 26.7 million people, or roughly one fifth of the country. They form the core of the Mexico City metropolitan area, one of the largest urban agglomerations in the Western Hemisphere. The State of Mexico grew from 16.9 million in 2020 to 17.6 million in 2025, while Mexico City’s count of about 9.17 million is slightly lower than the roughly 9.21 million in 2020, a continuation of the long trend of growth shifting from the capital’s core to its suburbs.
Winners and Losers
Three states lost population between 2020 and 2025, and Veracruz led the list with a net loss of more than 160,000 residents. Yucatán, by contrast, passed 2.5 million, adding 181,428 residents, and growth has been strong along the northern border, in the Yucatán Peninsula, and in a handful of central states that attract investment and migrants.
How the Survey Compares With Earlier Projections
| State | CONAPO projection for 2025 (earlier series) | Encuesta Intercensal 2025 | Difference |
|---|---|---|---|
| State of Mexico | 19,178,922 | 17,561,797 | -1,617,125 |
| Veracruz | 8,573,860 | 7,902,505 | -671,355 |
| Jalisco | 8,751,124 | 8,633,761 | -117,363 |
| Mexico City | 8,600,179 | 9,165,819 | +565,640 |
| Nuevo León | 5,778,562 | 6,274,840 | +496,278 |
The projection column comes from an earlier CONAPO series (2010 to 2030 projections); CONAPO has newer series, and survey counts cover private homes only, so differences are indicative.
The comparison shows how much the new survey changes the regional picture. The State of Mexico and Veracruz came in well below the older projections, while Mexico City and Nuevo León were well above them. INEGI notes that the new results will feed updated CONAPO projections for each state and municipality.
Mexico Population by Metropolitan Area
| Metropolitan area | Population (2020 Census, approximate) | Note |
|---|---|---|
| Valley of Mexico | About 21.8 million | Mexico City and surrounding municipalities |
| Guadalajara | About 5.3 million | Jalisco |
| Monterrey | About 5.3 million | Nuevo León, industrial hub |
| Puebla-Tlaxcala | About 3.2 million | Central Mexico |
| Toluca | About 2.4 million | Adjacent to the capital |
| Tijuana | About 2.2 million | Border city |
| León | About 2.0 million | Guanajuato |
Metropolitan figures are rounded approximations from the 2020 Census and should be replaced with 2025 metropolitan-zone figures once INEGI publishes them.
Mexico is highly urban, and its population is concentrated in a belt running from the Valley of Mexico through the Bajío to Guadalajara, with a second pole around Monterrey in the north and border cities such as Tijuana and Ciudad Juárez. The survey also records that 82.2 percent of residents were born in the state where they live and 16.8 percent were born in a different state, which reflects substantial internal migration toward the capital region, the Bajío, and the north.
Mexico Population by Age
Median Age and the Aging Transition
| Indicator | Figure |
|---|---|
| Median age, 2020 | 29 years |
| Median age, 2025 | 32 years |
| Median age projected for 2050 (UN and World Bank, as reported) | About 38.7 years |
| Share aged 65 and over (2020 Census, approximate) | About 7% to 8% |
| Share aged 60 and over (2020 Census, approximate) | About 12% |
Mexico is still a young country by comparison with Europe, Japan, or Canada, but it is aging fast. A median age of 32 means half the population is under 32, and that figure rose by three years in just five years. UN and World Bank projections reported in the press put the median age at about 38.7 years by 2050. The number of people over 65 is still a modest share of the population, but it is expected to grow rapidly.
The Closing of the Demographic Bonus
For several decades, Mexico benefited from a demographic bonus: a large working-age population supporting relatively few children and elderly people. Fertility has fallen below replacement level, so the cohorts entering the working ages are no longer growing, and the bonus is ending. The window to convert it into higher productivity, savings, and formal employment is closing, which is why informality and low wages are central to the policy debate.
Fewer Children
Births have fallen in every state. Between 2010 and 2024, all 32 states recorded fewer registered births, and the national total of 1,672,227 in 2024 was 42 percent below the figure for 1994. The decline is already reaching preschools and primary schools, where enrollment has been falling.
Mexico Population by Sex
| Category | Figure |
|---|---|
| Women, 2025 | 51.9% |
| Men, 2025 | 48.1% |
| Boys born per 100 girls (2024 registered births) | 102.6 |
| One-person households (2025) | 15.0% |
| One-person households (2020) | 12.4% |
Women outnumber men by nearly four percentage points, a gap that reflects both longer female life expectancy and higher male emigration and mortality. At birth, boys outnumber girls at a ratio of 102.6 to 100, which is well within the normal biological range, so the later gap is driven by migration and mortality rather than sex selection.
Indigenous Peoples and Languages
Indigenous Identity and Language
| Indicator (2025) | Figure |
|---|---|
| People who consider themselves indigenous | 24.2 million (18.6%) |
| People aged 3 and over who speak an indigenous language | 7,421,285 (5.9%) |
| Share speaking an indigenous language in 2020 | 6.1% |
| Speakers of Nahuatl | About 1.6 million |
| Share of people aged 3 and over speaking an indigenous language in Chiapas | 29.0% |
| Share in Oaxaca | About 29% |
| Share in Yucatán | 21.4% |
| Share in Guerrero | 15.4% |
Mexico has one of the largest indigenous populations in the Americas. Nahuatl remains the most spoken language, followed by Maya, Tseltal, Tsotsil, and Mixtec. While the number of speakers has risen in some states, including Chiapas, which now has 1,618,142 speakers, the national share has slipped slightly, from 6.1 percent to 5.9 percent, because the rest of the population is growing faster. Many municipalities in Chiapas, Oaxaca, and Veracruz have indigenous language shares above 99 percent.
Self-identification is a broader measure than language. About 24.2 million people see themselves as indigenous, more than three times the number who speak an indigenous language, which shows how identity and language have diverged for many families.
Afro-Mexican Population
| Indicator | Figure |
|---|---|
| People who consider themselves Afro-Mexican or Afrodescendant, 2025 | 2.1 million (1.6%) |
| Same group in the 2020 Census | About 2.58 million (2.0%) |
| Difference | About 464,845 fewer |
| Share aged 3 and over who speak an indigenous language | 8.7% |
The 2025 survey recorded 2.1 million Afro-Mexicans, fewer than the 2020 Census. INEGI says the difference reflects a change in measurement, because a full census counts everyone while the survey estimates from a sample, and does not mean the population has disappeared. Advocacy groups have called for better data collection and stronger efforts to promote self-identification.
Mexico Population by Migration
Internal Migration
The 2025 survey shows that 16.8 percent of residents were born in a state other than the one where they live. Migration has historically flowed from the poorer south and rural areas toward Mexico City, the Bajío, the northern border, and tourist areas such as Quintana Roo. Some of the fastest growth is now in states that attract both internal and foreign investment.
Emigration and Remittances
| Year | Remittances received by Mexico (US$ billions) |
|---|---|
| 2020 | 41.7 |
| 2024 (record) | 64.7 |
| 2025 | 61.8 |
Remittance figures are from Banco de México. The 2025 total was about 4.6 percent lower than the 2024 record.
Roughly 10 to 11 million people born in Mexico live in the United States, according to US survey estimates, a stock that peaked around 2007 and has since declined as emigration slowed and some migrants returned. The most visible economic link between the two populations is remittances. They reached a record of US$64.7 billion in 2024, then fell to US$61.8 billion in 2025, a decline that analysts link to conditions in the US labor market and immigration policy, though the sources reviewed here do not isolate a single cause.
Mexico as a Transit and Destination Country
Mexico is also a transit and, increasingly, a destination country for migrants from Central America, the Caribbean, South America, and beyond. Exact figures for foreign-born residents are small relative to the national population, and the Encuesta Intercensal 2025 includes questions on international migration that INEGI will publish in more detail.
Mexico Population by Fertility and Births
| Metric | Figure |
|---|---|
| Children born alive per woman, 2020 | 2.1 |
| Children born alive per woman, 2025 | 1.9 |
| Registered births, 2015 | 2,353,596 |
| Registered births, 2023 | 1,820,888 |
| Registered births, 2024 | 1,672,227 |
| Change in registered births, 2024 vs 2023 | -8.16% |
| Registered births per 1,000 women aged 15 to 49 (2024) | 47.7 |
| Highest registered birth rate by state (2024) | Chiapas, 86.7 |
| Births to mothers aged 10 to 17 (2024) | 89,527 |
Fertility has fallen below the replacement level of about 2.1 children per woman, and the new survey puts the figure at 1.9, in line with estimates of about 1.9 for 2024 reported in the press. Registered births fell by more than 8 percent in a single year, from 1.82 million in 2023 to 1.67 million in 2024. Registered births also include late registrations, so annual comparisons should be read with caution, but the long-term decline is clear and affects all 32 states.
Chiapas has the highest registered birth rate, at 86.7 per 1,000 women aged 15 to 49, nearly double the national rate, followed by Durango (58.9) and Nayarit (58.6). Teen pregnancy remains a concern, with 89,527 births to mothers aged 10 to 17 in 2024.
Mexico Population by Mortality and Life Expectancy
| Metric | Figure |
|---|---|
| Registered deaths, 2024 | 819,672 |
| Change in deaths, 2024 vs 2023 | +2.5% |
| Crude death rate (2024) | 630 per 100,000 population |
| Life expectancy at birth, 1970 | 59.9 years |
| Life expectancy at birth, 2020 | 75.2 years |
| Life expectancy at birth, 2024 | About 75.5 years |
Life expectancy has risen by more than 15 years since 1970, from 59.9 to about 75.5 years, though it fell during the COVID-19 pandemic and has only recently recovered to its earlier level. Deaths are rising, up 2.5 percent in 2024, as the population ages, and they are concentrated among people aged 65 and over. Chronic conditions, notably diabetes, heart disease, and obesity-related illness, along with violence among young men, shape the pattern of premature mortality. Life expectancy remains below that of the United States and several years below Canada’s.
Mexico Population Growth Drivers
| Component (2024, registered) | People |
|---|---|
| Registered births | 1,672,227 |
| Registered deaths | 819,672 |
| Approximate natural increase | About 852,500 |
Registered births include late registrations, and CONAPO’s estimates of births that actually occurred in a given year differ, so the natural increase figure is approximate.
Natural increase, the excess of births over deaths, remains the engine of Mexico’s growth, at roughly 850,000 people a year on the registered figures. Net international migration is small compared with natural increase, because emigration to the United States has slowed and some migrants have returned. This makes Mexico very different from Canada, Australia, or Germany, where migration drives most of the growth. It also means that Mexico’s growth will fade as the natural increase shrinks with falling births and rising deaths.
Mexico Population by Religion
| Religion (2020 Census, approximate) | Share of population |
|---|---|
| Catholic | About 77.7% |
| Protestant, Evangelical, and Biblical churches | About 11.2% |
| No religion | About 8.1% |
| Other religions and not specified | Remainder |
Religion figures are rounded approximations from the 2020 Census; the Encuesta Intercensal 2025 has not yet published a comparable religion table in the sources used for this article.
Mexico remains one of the most Catholic countries in the world, but the share of Catholics has been declining for decades, from more than 95 percent in 1950, while Protestant and Evangelical churches and the religiously unaffiliated have grown. Catholicism is still strongest in the Bajío and central-western states, while Protestant and Evangelical shares are highest in the south and southeast, especially Chiapas and Tabasco.
Mexico Population by Household and Housing
| Metric | 2020 | 2025 |
|---|---|---|
| Private homes | 35.2 million | 39.7 million |
| Average people per home | 3.6 | 3.3 |
| Share of one-person households | 12.4% | 15.0% |
| Illiteracy rate, ages 15 and over | 4.8% | 3.7% |
| People without health service affiliation | Not stated | 13.2% (almost 20 million) |
The number of homes grew 2.2 percent a year, three times faster than the population, because households keep getting smaller. This is the same pattern seen in richer countries, where falling fertility and more people living alone push up housing demand even when population growth slows. Roughly one in eight Mexicans says they are not affiliated with or entitled to any public health service, a gap that remains a central issue in health policy.
Mexico Population Density and Settlement
| Category | Detail |
|---|---|
| National average density | About 67 people per km2 |
| Land area | About 1.96 million km2 |
| Most populous state | State of Mexico, 17.6 million |
| Share living in the three largest states | 27% |
| Share born in a different state from where they live | 16.8% |
Population is concentrated on the central plateau around the Valley of Mexico, in the Bajío, and in a handful of northern and coastal cities, while the northern deserts, Baja California Sur, and the Sierra Madre are sparsely settled. The country has about 2,458 municipalities, and many are very small.
Mexico Population Compared With Other Countries
| Country | Approximate population (2026) |
|---|---|
| United States | About 342 million |
| Mexico | 130.9 million |
| Germany | About 83.5 million |
| Canada | About 41.4 million |
Figures other than Mexico’s are rounded approximations.
Mexico has about 3.2 times the population of Canada and about 1.6 times that of Germany, and it is roughly 38 percent the size of the United States. It is the largest Spanish-speaking country in the world by a wide margin, ahead of Colombia and Spain.
Mexico Population Projections
INEGI has said the Encuesta Intercensal 2025 will be used to update population projections at the national, state, and municipal levels. At the time of writing, the sources reviewed for this article do not include a new official CONAPO series built on the 2025 results, so the table below uses the benchmarks that are available and flags what is still to come.
| Indicator | Value |
|---|---|
| Population, 15 October 2025 | 130.9 million |
| Growth, 2020 to 2025 | 0.7% a year |
| Median age, 2025 | 32 years |
| Median age projected for 2050 (UN and World Bank, as reported) | About 38.7 years |
| Average children born alive per woman, 2025 | 1.9 |
| Next full census | 2030 |
The direction of travel is clear even without a new official series: with fertility below replacement and the median age rising by about 0.6 years a year, Mexico’s population growth will continue to slow, and many demographers expect the population to peak within a few decades. The earlier CONAPO projections, which for some states proved too high or too low by hundreds of thousands of people, show how uncertain regional forecasts are, and the updated series will be an important resource for planners.
Major Demographic Trends Shaping Mexico
- A population of 130.9 million, growing at 0.7 percent a year, the slowest pace in the modern record
- A median age that rose three years in five years, from 29 to 32
- Fertility of about 1.9 children per woman, below replacement
- Registered births down 42 percent from 30 years ago and down in all 32 states
- A State of Mexico and Mexico City core that holds more than a fifth of the population, with three states losing people
- A large and diverse indigenous population of 24.2 million, with 7.4 million speakers of indigenous languages
- Smaller households, with one-person households up from 12.4 percent to 15.0 percent
- Remittances at US$61.8 billion, down from a record, and a stalled migrant population in the United States
- A closing demographic bonus and a coming rise in dependency among older people
- Continuing regional differences in fertility, with Chiapas near the top and Mexico City and the north near the bottom
Economic and Social Impact of Mexico’s Population Trends
The Demographic Bonus and Labor Markets
The share of working-age people is near its peak, and Mexico has a narrowing window to turn it into higher productivity. Informal employment, which remains widespread, limits tax revenue and pension coverage, so many workers will reach old age without formal pensions.
Pensions and Health Care
As the median age rises, the number of older people will grow quickly, increasing demand for pensions, chronic disease care, and long-term care in a country where public health coverage is incomplete. About 13.2 percent of people report no affiliation with any public health service.
Education
Falling births are shrinking the school-age population, which opens room to raise quality and spending per student, but only if resources are not cut in line with enrollment.
Remittances and the United States
Remittances are a significant source of household income, particularly in rural and southern states, and their fall in 2025 raises questions about the exposure of those households to US labor market and immigration policy changes.
Regional Balance
The new survey shows slower growth in the State of Mexico and Veracruz than earlier projections assumed and faster growth in Mexico City and Nuevo León. This will affect federal transfers and infrastructure planning.
Key Challenges Facing the Mexico Population
- Capturing the last years of the demographic bonus through formal jobs and higher productivity
- Funding pensions and health care for a rapidly aging society
- Declining births and school enrollment, and the need to redeploy education resources
- Persistent gaps in health, income, and services for indigenous and Afro-Mexican communities
- Uneven regional growth, with some states losing people and others straining infrastructure
- Dependence of many households on remittances that fell in 2025
- Closing the 13.2 percent gap in health service affiliation
- Planning with projections that will need to be revised after the 2025 results
Frequently Asked Questions About the Mexico Population
What is the population of Mexico in 2026?
Mexico had 130,911,314 people on 15 October 2025, according to INEGI’s Encuesta Intercensal 2025, and that is the most recent official figure.
How fast is Mexico’s population growing?
By 0.7 percent a year between 2020 and 2025, down from 1.0 percent between 2015 and 2020.
What is the median age in Mexico?
32 years in 2025, up from 29 years in 2020.
Which Mexican state has the most people?
The State of Mexico, with about 17.6 million, followed by Mexico City at 9.2 million and Jalisco at 8.6 million.
What is Mexico’s fertility rate?
The 2025 survey shows an average of 1.9 children born alive per woman, down from 2.1 in 2020, below the replacement level.
How many babies are born in Mexico each year?
There were 1,672,227 registered births in 2024, the second-lowest number since 1994.
What percentage of Mexicans are indigenous?
About 18.6 percent, or 24.2 million people, consider themselves indigenous, and 5.9 percent of people aged 3 and over speak an indigenous language.
How much do Mexicans abroad send home?
Remittances were US$61.8 billion in 2025, down 4.6 percent from the 2024 record of US$64.7 billion.
What is life expectancy in Mexico?
About 75.5 years at birth in 2024, according to CONAPO estimates.
Is Mexico’s population going to keep growing? Y
es for now, but more slowly each year, and falling fertility and a rising median age mean growth is expected to fade over the coming decades, subject to new CONAPO projections.
Sources
- INEGI, Encuesta Intercensal 2025, Comunicado de prensa 54/26 (22 September 2026)
- INEGI, Encuesta Intercensal 2025, Reporte de resultados 37/26 (ethnicity, indigenous languages, and Afro-Mexican population)
- INEGI, Censo de Población y Vivienda 2020
- INEGI, Estadística de Nacimientos Registrados 2024, Reporte de resultados 34/25 and Comunicado 129/25
- INEGI, Estadísticas de Defunciones Registradas 2024
- CONAPO, Proyecciones de la población de México y de las entidades federativas
- Banco de México, Información de Ingresos y Egresos por Remesas, diciembre de 2025
- INEGI state press releases on Encuesta Intercensal 2025 results for the State of Mexico, Jalisco, Chiapas, Yucatán, and Michoacán
- United Nations and World Bank population projections, as cited in Mexican press coverage